Essay on Public School Health Care - 558 Words

The public school system offers several different types of health care services to students concerning issues that are a problem in 21st century schools. Two of the top concerns in public school health care concern the on topics of reproduction and obesity. With over 50 million students attending public schools, it is important to recognize and understand that school systems have a responsibility to provide health care education and services that will educate and hopefully improve the health of all students. Public schools in the 21st century provide many basic health care services. These services include having a full or part-time school nurse, dental care, mental health, special education programs, child obesity programs and†¦show more content†¦There is an increase in overweight children and it is becoming a major concern. One of the reasons for obesity is due to the fact that we eat fast food, on average, at least once a day, and students who have the privilege to leave campus for lunch are at a greater risk because they tend choose unhealthier food. We choose to eat fast food because of its convenience and low cost. Another reason for obesity is because student does not receive the proper amount of physical activity they need in a day. On average, a student should be getting one hour of physical activity a day which can be as easy as attending a P.E. class. According to healthinschools.org, one-third of children between the ages of 6-19 are at risk to being overweight. Obesity can lead to health problems such as asthma, type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This website also states that around 85 percent of parents surveyed say that they support programs such as P.E. to help reduce the chances of obesity. One additional thing schools are doing to stop obesity is providing students with a healthy breakfast and nutritional lunch. The second major health care issue that schools face when educating students about reproductive is sues. These issues pertain to the usage of contraceptives, pregnancy and birth, sex education and sexual activity. These are just some of the services provided in public schools according to Resource Center for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention. The topic about sexShow MoreRelatedDental Public Health Programs At The United States1353 Words   |  6 PagesDental public health programs in the United States operate on federal, state, or local levels. The roles and responsibilities of these programs are directly related to the level of which the program operates. Both similarities and differences can be seen when comparing dental public health programs with regard to organization, financing and delivery of care. 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Emergency Preparedness A Natural Part Of Life - 1340 Words

Local Emergency Preparedness Name College Local Emergency Preparedness Disasters are a natural part of life. The history of humankind is littered with major catastrophes that altered the change of history. These catastrophes sometimes have devastating effects and show the weaknesses of the response teams put in place to mitigate them. In recent history, two events have shaped disaster preparedness and response in the country. These disasters are the September 11 terrorist attacks and the hurricane Katrina (Canton, 2007). After the September attacks, homeland security was formed and tasked with preventing future terrorist attacks. However, after Katrina, there was a realization that nature had the potential of inflicting deadlier attacks. The result is that homeland security was expanded to include all catastrophic events that affected American citizens (McEntire, 2007). The national policies adopted affected all states. For example, for a state to qualify for federal funding, it needs to outline disaster mitigation strategies the disaster mitigation act of 2000 requires all local authorities to have disaster mitigation strategies in order to qualify for federal grants (Schwab, 2010). Such conditions inspire mitigation strategies across the country, including the state of Illinois. Current goals of the community The objectives of the community about disaster bear many similarities with the general goals in the nation. They are merely concerned with disasterShow MoreRelatedEssay on Differences Between Mitigation and Preparedness1703 Words   |  7 PagesPart I What are the primary differences between Mitigation and Preparedness? Research and describe three examples of each. The United States experiences a variety of natural disasters throughout the year. 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Cultural Border Crossing-Free-Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about Cultural Border Crossing. Answer: Culture is refers to set of ideas, attitude and various traditional beliefs that vary from person to person of various backgrounds be it of different nationality, race or religious beliefs (Greene Vzquez-Montilla, 2016). The differences can be in form of language, arts, rituals, social norms and many more (Ahlers, 2014). Cultural border crossing is known to occur when one person from a social background crosses over and interacts with a person from anther social background (Stewart Gachago, 2016). Being used to living abroad as a foreign national is a very challenging and dawning task. I am Indonesian national living in Australia. Studying a an Australian university I must communicate with people from various national backgrounds and as per as my study requirements I had the task to interact and establish communication with an Australian national who has a vastly different cultural background and life experiences form me. To achieve my task requirements after my lectures and classes were over for the day I went to Sydney bay area with the mind set to interact with a local and interact in an informal approach. After strolling for a while by the bay I spotted an elderly man standing alone looking towards the sea. I was a bit hesitant to approach at first fearing what the outcome of the approach might but I was confident and approached him with a simple hello! I was welcomed with a hello from him too. It was the spark that helped me over come my hesitation to interact. After a general introduction I asked him about this work and how life is in Sydney? I got to know that he is a retired army man and is going through some economic trouble. He was slowly opening up and it was getting easier for me to bridge the cultural gap. I told him about my country and what I was doing in Australia (Ttsy de Zepetnek Wang, 2014). After listening to him and knowing him from a personal point of view I got to know he was a lonely person even though he did not express it but it was evident as his only son was also in the army and was serving as a UN peacekeeper in Africa. We had various discussions even though we were practically strangers and I stared to view the world though his eyes and perspective be it due to the fact he had more life experiences than me or he was a local. I had no experience of otherness while the conversation as he treated me like a son and asked me if I was facing any problems in Sydney and he even gave me his number stating I could call him if I needed any assistance he even invited me to his house. It seemed he was not facing any difficulty to open about his life to me as he was egger to talk with someone and share his views. He even viewed my culture as very exotic and deemed it as a fascinating and would like to visit Indonesia someday. To conclude my attempt at border crossing was successful as I was able to perceive the country that I live in from a locals perspective. This has enabled me to understand Australian culture and it has given a boost to my confidence to interact with the locals and my peers. References Ahlers, J. C. (2014). Linguistic variation and time travel: Barrier, or border-crossing?.Language Communication,38, 33-43. Greene, E. D. J., Vzquez-Montilla, P. D. E. (2016). Border crossing: the impact of cross-cultural, experiences on teacher candidates. View of multiculturalism in the classroom.Revista Conrado,12(56). Stewart, K., Gachago, D. (2016). Being human today: A digital storytelling pedagogy for transcontinental border crossing.British Journal of Educational Technology,47(3), 528-542. Ttsy de Zepetnek, S., Wang, I. (2014). Mapping the World, Culture, and Border-crossing.

Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration free essay sample

You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 8 pages and is made up of 7 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Know the employment rights and responsibilities of the employee and employer 1. Identify four main points that would be included in a contract of employment. If possible, use an example contract to support your answer (feel free to obscure any confidential information). There are many points that should be included in an employment contract. We will write a custom essay sample on Pinciples of Bisuness and Administration or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Four main points that must be included are: 1. Employers name 2. Employee’s name 3. Date the employment is to commence 4. Address that the main employment will take place. An example of a Contract of Employment is attached. 2a) List three key points of legislation that affect employers in a business environment 1. Health and Safety. 2. Pay and Pensions 3. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 2b) List three key points of legislation that affect employees in a business environment. 1. Health and Safety. 2. Employment Rights and Responsibilities. 3. Data Protection. 3. Identify a range of places where a person can find information on employment rights and responsibilities. You should identify at least two internal and two external sources of information. There are several sources where a person can find information on Employment Rights and Responsibilities. These can be through both internal and external sources. Internal Sources would include Trade union representatives, line managers, staff association representatives and informed colleagues. External sources may include Citizen Advice Bureau (CAB), legal professionals, libraries, Advisory, conciliation and Arbitration Service (ACAS) and the Equality and Human Rights Commission (EHRC). 4. Describe how representative bodies can support employees A good example of how a representative body can support an employee is through an internal source such as a trade union. These often large organisations represent the interests of their members and can offer assistance through work based representatives. They also have regional and expertise that they can call on. Union representatives have a right to paid time to help employee’s in such areas as Health and Safety, pensions, collective redundancies and collective bargaining to name a few. 5. Briefly describe employer and employee responsibilities for equality and diversity in a business environment. You should give at least two employer responsibilities and two employee responsibilities. If possible, provide relevant equality and diversity procedures from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. Employers have the legal obligation to treat all employees equally, for example, if a male and a female employee are carrying out the same duties within a company then the law states that there should be no discrimination between the two and both parties must be treated equally, pay must be the same and both given the same amount of benefits. This ruling can also be applied to diversity laws. If an employee is from a different ethnic or religious background then the employer must adopt the same posture as before and not discriminate against the employee just because they could be perceived as different from the norm. Every employee has a personal responsibility for their actions and must ensure that they are sensitive to others around them. Employees must remember that all people are different whether that is a difference in their gender or their religious background. Every employee should ensure they treat others how they would be expected to be treated themselves. 6. Briefly explain the benefits of making sure equality and diversity procedures are followed in a business environment. Your answer should include one benefit for the employer, one benefit for the employee and one benefit for the overall organisation. The benefits to an organisation in making sure they follow equality and diversity procedures will mean that the company is falling in line with the Laws of the nation, and ensure that the company will be free from claims against the company. For the employee the benefits would mean a better working environment where each employee understands the differences of those working around them, this in turn will benefit the employer as a happier working environment will produce a happier and more productive workforce. Section 2 – Understand the purpose of health, safety and security procedures in a business environment 1. Identify employer and employee responsibilities for health, safety and security. If possible, provide relevant health, safety and security policies / documents from your workplace (or place of study) to support your answer. These documents should be annotated to highlight the relevant sections. The employer holds overall responsibility for implementing all Health, Safety (Health and Safety at Work Act 1974) and security (Data Protection Act 1998, Copyright, Design and Patents Act 1988) legislation and guidelines within the workplace. It is the employer’s responsibility to provide a safe clean working environment for all its employees to work in. Employee’s have the responsibility to follow company guidelines with regards to the laid down legislation. By taking ownership of their own responsibilities they can help promote the health, safety and security of not only themselves but also their colleagues. Carrying out their own risk assessment of tasks and managing the associated risks appropriately. 2. Explain the purpose of following health, safety and security procedures in a business environment. By following laid down health, safety and security procedures in a business environment will help maintain a safe and secure workplace. This will help minimise the risk of accidents and injuries to themselves and others and reducing the risk of losing possible sensitive or personal information. 3. Describe three different ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment. Three ways of maintaining a safe and secure business environment can be achieves by the following methods: 1. Ensuring that employees use and wear the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) when carrying out task that may require it, making sure that the PPE being used is correctly fitted and is fit for the task being carried out. 2. If working in an environment where food is being handled employers must ensure that employees are fully conversant with hygiene procedures and that they are being implemented correctly. 3. When working with IT equipment employees are to ensure that security guidelines are being adhered to i. e. passwords are kept secure and that Security Operating Procedures (SyOPs) are being followed correctly. Section 3 – Understand how to communicate effectively with others 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of different methods of communication. You should include two verbal, two non-verbal and two written methods of communication. Methods of communication Description Verbal communication 1. Person to Person or face to face, this is where two people with engage in conversation with each other and pass information. 2. Telephone conversations, this is where two or more people converse through the medium of telephone communications, similar to face to face apart from you cannot see the person you are talking to. Non-verbal communication 1. Body Language can be used to express emotions and feelings without the use of language. For example facial expressions can tell a person a lot about how another is feeling i. e. if someone is smiling then this normally indicates they are happy 2. Tone of voice, tone of voice along with body language can also determine the way a person is feeling. If someone is shouting they are either conveying a warning or trying to attract attention to themselves or they may be angry. Written communication 1. Email, emails are an electronic method of communicating via computer. It is a sterile way of communicating as you do not get to interact with the sender of the information. 2. Written reports, written reports and are normally completed on paper very similar to email and you will not interact with the author. 2. Using two specific examples, explain how to choose the most appropriate method of communication to meet your needs and the needs of others. When communicating with others consideration should be given to understanding what the other person wants to know and what they need to know. You must try to understand how they would prefer the information to be delivered i. e. verbal communication or written communication. People are different and have different preferences in the way they receive information. 3. Describe at least two ways of actively listening. Two ways of actively listening is to engage with the person you are listening to, look at the speaker and focus on what is being said. Do not interrupt them whilst they are speaking, instead write notes for questions you may have regarding points you feel you may need to clarify. Section 4 – Understand how to work with and support colleagues 1. Explain the purpose of agreeing standards for your own work. Give at least two reasons. By agreeing standards of your own with line managers or supervisors prior to work that is undertaken allows each party to understand what the required standards are and what needs to be achieved and that no ambiguity exists. There are many standards that work can be judged by that are used in the business environment, for example Quality Assurance standards, behavioural standards and wastage standards. If both parties have a good understanding of these standards then work will be produced to a higher quality and without errors. 2. Explain the purpose of taking on new challenges and being able to adapt to change at work. By taking on new challenges it allows us to grow as individuals and avoids becoming stagnated in what we do. Taking on new things helps us push ourselves and gives us the opportunity to try new things. Being able to adapt to change at work can demonstrate to your employer that you are flexible and willing to embrace new things. This can only have a positive effect on you as an individual as your employer will be more likely to trust you with new task and ultimately responsibilities which could result in promotion. 3. Explain the purpose of treating others with honesty and consideration. Treating others with honesty and consideration will earn you peoples trust and respect. If people trust you they are more than likely going to be happier to work with you; and be more honest and open with you with regards to work issues. If others trust you they will share information with you because they will feel you don’t have an agenda and feel like they are part of the team. If you have good team work in the workplace then it will be a happier place to work and in turn become more efficient. Section 5 – Know how to plan own work and be accountable to others 1. Explain the purpose of meeting work standards and deadlines when completing tasks in a business environment. Meeting work standards and deadlines will ensure any work carried out will be to the correct specifications and delivered on time. By constantly hitting deadlines to the correct standards will enhance confidence and reduce possible supervision. It will help to improve the employer employee working relationship because the employer will have more trust in the employee’s abilities and help build teamwork. 2. Describe two different methods that you can use to plan your own work in a business environment. One way you can plan your work is by using a â€Å"things to do† or check off list, these can be a very useful and effective planning tool. By noting down and crossing off different milestones as they’re met can aid in the successful progression of tasks. Another way is having an open or shared diary. This can be used by different personnel to plan different task at different times, and will allow others to see what deadlines they may have to work too. 3. Describe ways of keeping other people informed about progress and compare their effectiveness. What are the benefits and drawbacks of each approach? There a several ways that a business can keep others informed of progress below are some examples: 1. Meetings are a good way of getting all those involved in a project together to discuss how things are progressing, the down sides to this can be, key players not being able to attend and possibly taking a large amount of people away from their place of work all at the same time. 2. Written reports are also a good way of communicating progress to others as the information contained within has less chance of being misinterpreted. Possible drawbacks could be the length of time it takes to prepare the document and unless a comprehensive distribution list is drawn up then some employees could be missed. Section 6 – Understand the purpose of improving own performance in a business environment and how to do so 1. Explain the purpose of continuously improving your performance in a business environment. By continuously improving your performance you are pushing yourself to produce better quality work and ensuring that organisational standards are met, possibly even exceeded. This can be beneficial to the employee and employer equally, if your employer sees that you are striving to be the best you can be you are more likely to stand out from your colleagues when it comes to promotion, in turn if you are producing your best work this can only benefit the business on a whole. 2. Describe at least two ways of improving your performance at work. Where relevant, illustrate your answer with specific examples from your own experience. 1. Attending training courses – by attending training courses I have been able to learn new skills and help my team perform to a better standard. 2. Learning from others – on job training can be a valuable tool when improving your performance. By shadowing a work colleague I was able to quickly learn basic skills from an experienced member of the business which allowed me to start functioning faster than if I had to wait for a training course. 3. Appraisals – By attending regular appraisal individuals can get constructive feedback on performance whether that is good or bad. Areas of weakness can be identified and appropriate remedial plans put in place to address those issues. 3. Briefly describe at least two different types of career pathways that may be available to you. There are several career paths one could take in the business administration sector, possible careers could be as a secretary, administration manager, personal assistant or a team leader. Section 7 – Understand the types of problems that may occur in a business environment and how to deal with them 1. Identify at least two different types of problems that can occur in a business environment. Two types of problems that can occur are as follows: 1. Staff shortages – The business may suffer as a consequence of a key player in a project being absent through illness or holiday. 2. Deadlines – deadlines may not be met due to staff shortages or lack of resources or unrealistic timescales being implemented. 2. Complete the table below by describing at least two specific problems that can occur at work and how they can be dealt with. Problem Dealing with the problem 1. Staff Shortage Having a robust plan in place where a colleague is able to provide cover for the missing employee. Longer term advanced planning could see temporary staff employed to cover for longer periods of absence i. e. maternity leave. 2. Missing deadlines By redeploying members of staff to help reach approaching deadlines. Re-evaluating organisational procedures and standards, setting realistic and achievable deadlines. 3. Complete the table below by listing at least two problems you are able to deal with yourself and two problems you would need to refer to others to deal with (and how you would refer these problems). Problems I can deal with: Problems I would need to refer to others: How are problems referred to others? 1. Simple equipment issues i. e. replacing paper in printers or ink cartridges. 1. Complex equipment issues. Terminal not turning on or booting up. Report it by the appropriate means to the relevant department. 2. Minor changes in organisational procedures. 2. Major changes to organisational procedures. I would refer this issue to my supervisor or line manager. Clarification may need to be sort on major changes to procedures so employees are fully aware of the changes. Unit two: Principles of providing administrative services Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for reference Then, go to www. vision2learn. com and send your completed Assessment to your tutor via your My Study area – make sure it is clearly marked with your name, the course title and the Unit and Assessment number. Please note that this Assessment document has 9 pages and is made up of 9 Sections. Name: Jason Wright Section 1 – Understand how to make and receive telephone calls 1. Complete the table below with descriptions of at least two different features of a telephone system and how / when they would be used. Feature How / when used 1. Answerphone Normally accessed by pressing the number 1. It enables you to access messages left by others for you. 2. Conference call This enables you to speak to more than one person at the same time. 2. Prepare a brief report advising people on: How to follow organisational procedures when making and receiving telephone calls The purpose of giving a positive image of yourself and your organisation when making and receiving telephone calls. If possible, use specific information from procedures in your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with). When making a call the caller must remember to be polite and introduce themselves to the person who answers. Remember you are representing the company and that first impressions count. You should always try to portray the company in the best possible light and should always act in a professional manner. When receiving a call the person answering must: Attempt to answer the call as soon as possible before it rings off (this call could be the most important of the day) Answer with good morning/afternoon The name of the company Your name And how you may be of assistance If the person they have called for is not there be sure to take the name of the caller their number and any message they may wish to leave. Section 2 – Understand how to handle mail 1. Explain the purpose of correctly receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages (both incoming and outgoing). Receiving, checking and sorting mail and packages is an essential part of any successful business. To run an efficient business a good system for the sorting of incoming and outgoing mail must be employed. If mail is not sorted and distributed correctly throughout the workplace then things can get delayed or worst case, missing. If this happens it can have a detrimental effect on the business and could ultimately end up in the loss of orders or customers. 2. Complete the table below with the following information: At least two examples of internal mail services that are available to organisations At least two examples of external mail services that are available to organisations Internal mail services External mail services 1. Organisation staff 1. Royal Mail 2. Organisation staff in vans 2. DHL 3. Describe two methods that you can use to calculate postage charges for mail and / or packages. You can calculate the postage charge for items either by weight of the size of the item that needs to be posted and how quickly you want it to get there. The bigger the item the more it will cost, the quicker you want it to get to its destination the higher the price. Section 3 – Understand how to use different types of office equipment 1. Describe the main types of equipment found in offices and how they are used. Include examples of at least three different types of office equipment. Printer – used to transfer electronic information and pictures from computers (soft copies) and usually printed onto paper (hard copies) Photocopier – used to produce multiple copies of documents as it cheaper and faster than printing using a laser printer. Scanner – reverse process to a printer. Hard copies are scanned and the image is usually transferred to a computer and turned into soft copy. 2. Explain the purpose of following manufacturer’s instructions when using equipment. By following the manufacturers’ guidelines you will guarantee that the equipment is being used correctly and to its full potential. This will also ensure that manufacturers’ warranties are maintained; and the equipment performs to the standards that it is designed to do. It will also prolong the life of the equipment and ensure a valuable resource is always available for use. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping equipment clean, hygienic and ready for the next user. More often than not office equipment will be shared amongst a number of colleagues. This could range from phones through to such things as headsets. By keeping the items clean will minimise the risk of infection and the spread of germs to othersr0. If equipment is looked after and kept clean it will function better for longer. You should leave equipment in the state that you would want to find it. Section 4 – Understand how to keep waste to a minimum in a business environment 1. Explain why waste should be kept to a minimum in a business environment. Waste should be kept to a minimum because it can have a long-term affect on the business. Businesses can spend a large amount of time and money to dispose of excessive waste and may promote a wasteful culture in employees. Most businesses will seek to keep waste to a minimum as this constitutes good business practice. 2. Identify at least two main causes of waste in a business environment. Not correctly checking a document properly before it is mass produced is one form of waste as all the resources involved will have been used with no end product. Delivering food items too early may result in food going cold and delivering to late may result in the consumer making other arrangements and no longer requiring the food, thus leaving the business with unwanted food products. 3. How can you keep waste to a minimum in a business environment? Describe at least two ways of doing this. Taking the time to read through documents before it is massed produced for errors will help to eradicate any errors that maybe contained within. Delivering food items when required and to the standard expected and not too early or too late will ensure the consumer is happy. Section 5 – Know how to make arrangements for meetings 1. Complete the table below listing at least two different types of meetings and describing the main features of each type of meeting. Type of meeting Main features Information Exchange The main feature is disseminating information to an audience. Can range from an informal meeting to a large conference. Problem solving Used to brainstorm and solve problems. Can be face to face, informal, spur of the moment or regular meetings. Decision Making Meetings where decisions are made. Can range from AGMs, board meetings, regular meetings to spur of the moment meetings. 2. When arranging a meeting: What sources and types of information are typically needed? How should meetings be arranged? When arranging a meeting consideration should be given to the following: Size of venue for the amount of people attending. Will there be anyone there that may have special requirements and access to venue. Suitable amount of chairs and tables for attendees to use. Will there be a need for resources i. e. Projectors, pens, pads, Internet connectivity etc. Will refreshments be required if the meeting is scheduled to be long When arranging a meeting the following points should be followed: 1. Find out about and confirm the meeting brief. 2. Confirm the venue, equipment and catering requirements. 3. Produce the agenda and meeting papers. 4. Invite attendees and send them the agenda. 5. Confirm attendance. 6. Make sure attendees’ needs are met. 7. Make amends to correct any needs for requirements, such as catering. 8. Collate and dispatch papers for the meeting within agreed timescales. 9. Produce spare copies of meeting papers. 10. Arrange the equipment and layout of the room. Section 6 – Understand procedures for organising travel and accommodation arrangements 1. Explain the purpose of confirming instructions and requirements for business travel and accommodation. Confirming instructions will ensure that things run smoothly and all requirements are put in place before a journey is undertaken. 2. Complete the table below with an outline of the main types of business travel and accommodation arrangements that may need to be made and the procedures that should be followed when doing this. Travel and accommodation arrangements Procedures Hire car Book Hire car with hire car company. Ensure hire company knows where to drop off/pick up if appropriate. Taxi Make sure the taxi is booked, ensure they are sure of pick up times, and pick up address and destination. Plane Make sure the ticket is booked and the appropriate level of class is booked. Consideration should be made for travel arrangements to and from airport. Hotel Make sure that a hotel is booked and is adequate for the needs of the individual. Location of hotel should be checked to ensure it suitable. 3. Explain the purpose of keeping records of travel / accommodation arrangements in a business environment. Good record keeping is essential for a business to run efficiently and remain organised. Keep records on financial outlay will help a business to remain in Budget. It will allow them to assess the effectiveness of companies that they use for travel by being able to compare cost and service. Section 7 – Understand diary management procedures 1. Briefly explain the purpose of using a diary system to plan activities at work. Give at least two reasons. Using a diary serves as a good way to keep information all in one place. It is an excellent organisational tool for keeping track of such things as meetings, training days and holidays for example. By using a shared diary others within the organisation can see what an individual ahs planned in the near and distant future. It allows others to book meetings and book holidays and days off. 2. Identify the information needed to maintain a diary system in the workplace. Information is key to keeping a successful diary, if a diary is not populated with useful, valid and up to date information then it will fail. Key information that should be included for instance: Who: Who is the meeting with? What: What is the meeting about? When: When is the meeting? Where: Where is the meeting? Why: Why are you having the meeting? Section 8 – Understand the purpose of delivering effective customer service and how to do so 1. What are the differences between internal and external customers in a business environment? The difference between external and internal customers is thus; external customers are other businesses or organisations that your business will supply or their company works for yours or supplies you. Internal customers are ones that you supply and work for the same employer. 2. Explain why customer service should meet or exceed customer expectations. Include at least three reasons in your answer. Customer service should be meet or exceeded as the customer is the most important part of a business, without customers businesses will fail. Giving good customer service and customer satisfaction will help ensure: Repeat business Customer loyalty Recommendations to others Good publicity Sense of trust Greater job security. Business growth 3. Explain the importance of building positive relationships with customers. Outline two ways in which this can be achieved. It is important to build customer relationships as this will help build trust between the customer and the business. If you have a good relationship with a customer then they are more likely to choose your business over a company that provide the same service. This can be achieved by going that extra mile in your customer service and making the customer feel that they are special to you and you value their custom. By personalising your professional relationship with them, finding out their first name and using it where you think appropriate. Little touches can mean a lot to customers and if you make them feel special then they will want to keep coming back. 4. How do customers demonstrate their own needs and expectations? There are several ways that customers can be encouraged to give feedback on a company’s performance these can come in the form of focus groups, customer feedback forms, verbal feedback and customer complaints. Section 9 – Understand the purpose of reception services and how to follow reception procedures 1. What is the purpose of the receptionist role as the first point of contact in a business environment? The purpose of the receptionist is to be the first point of contact. They are there to Welcome visitors Give an appropriate greeting Handle enquiries Provide relevant information about the organisation Keep a tidy and well organised reception area Keep accurate visitor records Monitor access into and out of the building by visitors Liaise with other departments Handle any visitor problems professionally Do any related administrative duties. 2. Describe how a receptionist can present a positive image of themselves and the organisation and explain why this is important. The role of the receptionist in a business is vitally important. They are often the first person a new customer will see and engage with. If a receptionist acts in a professional manner then it will then it will reflect well on the business as a whole. If a receptionist is well dressed, politely spoken and efficient in the handling of customers then this will give a positive and professional outlook. 3. In relation to your own organisation (or one that you are familiar with), explain what must be done when carrying out entry, departure, security and confidentiality procedures in a reception area. When entering a building the reception area must be placed so each individual entering the building must go through the reception area. Visitors must be signed in and out of the building and asked who they wish to see. This acts not only as a record of who has entered the building but also serves a record of who has visited. If there is a secure area of the building they are required to visit then they may need to be escorted, the receptionist can call a member of the appropriate department to come and act as an escort. The receptionist can also brief any visitors on any health and safety issues or security guidelines that need to be adhered too. Unit three: Principles of managing information and producing documents Assessment You should use this file to complete your Assessment. The first thing you need to do is save a copy of this document, either onto your computer or a disk Then work through your Assessment, remembering to save your work regularly When you’ve finished, print out a copy to keep for refer

Activities Shape our Personality essays

Activities Shape our Personality essays Aristotle, in his Nicomachean Ethics, Book II, Chapter 1, suggests that activities in which we participate shape the characteristics of our personality and our personality determines what we do an ongoing process of reciprocity. At the time Aristotle wrote this book, in 350 BC, he was well aware of the work of his contemporary, Hippocrates, who had been dead for 20 years. Hippocrates had more pragmatically contemplated the same problem and had divided the human personality into four general categories: [the humors of] choleric, phlegmatic, melancholic and sanguine. The purpose of Aristotles intellectual investigation was to instill the ideas of personal morality and virtue and then hold others to these [presumably our] standards. While this has appeal, it belies the complexity of human behavior and the right to judge others. It also assumes one person can correct perceived flaws in another as in some grandiose Pygmalion project. While Aristotles idea has great merit when applied providing a safe and nurturing environment for a child to properly develop, it fails to address the fact that differences in the rational wants, beliefs, needs and actions between individuals are not grounds for correcting perceived flaws. The observed differences make an individual who he or she is. Attempting to change them will result in failure. Further, attempting corrective action is based on the false assumption that someone can recreate another in his own image. Perhaps, this may be marginally possible with DNA cloning, but even this seems highly unlikely. It is obvious in a modern society that some reasonable level of conformity to the laws holding the fabric together is required, but beyond modest adherence, individuality abounds as well it should. Peoples actions are governed by the basics of reproduction, survival, necessity, fear, achievement, recognition, power, ...

How to Make LinkedIn Work for You

How to Make LinkedIn Work for You On July 30th, I was interviewed by the charismatic Pete Mockaitis of Awesome at Your Job on â€Å"Making LinkedIn Work for You.† We covered lots of ground, including Two keys to crafting an eye-grabbing LinkedIn profile Who needs a LinkedIn profile and who maybe doesn’t What to do to be both searchable and likable on LinkedIn How to make an impact with your LinkedIn Summary How to grow your LinkedIn network past 500 people quickly and responsibly The case for making recommendations I won’t spend a lot of time talking about this interview, because you can both listen to it and get a full transcript at this link: Making LinkedIn Work for You with Brenda Bernstein To view the transcript, scroll down to this section of the article and click on the + sign: Or listen here: document.createElement('audio'); https://theessayexpert.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/326_-_Making_LinkedIn_Work_for_You_with_Brenda_Bernstein.mp3 What I will say, because I want you to get all the goodies you can get from this podcast, is that I talk about everything from Big Bird and my Sesame Street failures to the lessons we can learn from bamboo trees. Oh and I talk about blenders. That’s a lot of Bs from Brenda Bernstein! I also threw a little neuroscience in there about how to create an impression before you even meet someone in person. And there’s more! I highly recommend listening to or reading this interview, even if you’ve listened to my podcasts before. The tidbits on my favorite things and life lessons are especially charming, if I do say so myself, plus you get to learn about how to make LinkedIn work for you! 🙂 Hit the â€Å"Connect† too soon 🙠 Really liked what you had to say! Working on updating my LinkedIn profile to focus on my day job while mentioning my joy being a professional musician on the side. Thank you for the tips you offered on this podcast interview with Pete! Log in to Reply Brenda Bernstein says: August 29, 2018 at 9:49 pm Thanks for your comment and for connecting with me on LinkedIn, Sten. That balance between two careers can be tricky. Let me know if you are interested in my LinkedIn Profile Review service! Log in to Reply

Business Finance assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Business Finance assignment - Research Paper Example The investor in question believed that smaller firms are less risky compared to larger firms. It is always important to diversify portfolios in order to spread the idea of the risks. Comparing with the 2011 beta or 1.08, the above beta of 1.06 seems to provide a good measure of how the stock movers relative to the broader Australian market index. The function of beta is to measure the risk of stock in relation to the overall market. From the above calculations, it is evident that the selected portfolios are less risky and have diversified the possible risks. On this basis, it is therefore true to say that the investor is likely to have very little loss and fear of risks associated with portfolios. The beta calculated from the investment portfolios is a clear indication of how the portfolio has diversified risks as well as low risk compared to the Australian Market index in 2011. The financial investment was very successful providing additional profit or income of approximately $7,110. In addition to the income received from the portfolio, there is no doubt that the risks associated with the same are too low. For instance, the beta obtained for the overall portfolio clearly indicates that the selected investment portfolios have widespread risks besides being lower than the 2011 Australian Market index beta. When portfolios have spread risks as well as low risks then it is advisable to engage in the investment. The above case scenario is a good example of investment portfolio, which was not only of viable income in terms of increased revenue or income but also given the fact that there were low risks involved, which in any case were widely spread across different firms from different industries and sizes. Indeed, the investment portfolio was a successful

Natural Law Jurisprudence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Natural Law Jurisprudence - Essay Example Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions . It is the science or philosophy of law. It applies to substantive law and to the legal system in general. It is based on the fundamental principle of 'just society' which means in a democratic country, all are equal and their rights (personal and property rights) should be protected before law. Judges apply it without favor or fear. Jurisprudence implies creating a body of law and methods for interpreting the law, studying the relationships between law and society, and predicting the effects of legal decisions.(Wikipedia) . The purpose of jurisprudence is to "achieve social order through subjecting people's conduct to the guidance of general rules by which they may themselves orient their behavior" (Fuller 1965, 657). The word ' Teleology is derived from the Greek word 'telos, which means "goal", purpose".(- page : socillogy 3rd ref ). The ancient world was permeated by teleological thought, that is, a belief that everything has a pre-ordained purpose - there's a pattern to the world and to each thing in it . (Socrates, Aristotle, the Stoics - also the Oracle in The Matrix). It is based on the Greek concept of 'eudemonism' which means that people live a satisfying life based on Universal laws. The Greeks viewed the universe as self correcting." The state, like all things, has a certain end. A just state is one that is organized in such a way as to achieve this teleological purpose."( Plato : The Republic)."Within the state, every person has a role or function, and 'just conduct' lies in fulfilling his or her role. "( Aldous Huxley's novel Brave New World). Aristotle and Thomas Aquinas were great supporters of teleology .Whether " Natural Law Jurisprudence automatically lends itself to the teleolo gical approach" In order to analyze this question , first we have to understand the characteristics of Natural law and teleology . Natural Law Jurisprudence has the following distinguishing features which separates it from teleological law . i. Natural law is universal and unchanging - it's always available to legislators, judges and citizens of any jurisdiction in the field of justice - correcting wrongs and distributing goods (Harris) ii. The sources of natural law are customs, usages, case laws and precedents iii. It is discoverable by human reason iv. Natural law attempts to analyze, explain, classify, and criticize entire bodies of law, ranging from contract to tort to constitutional law. v. It commands obedience from people and people obey it in moral sense. vi. In the US and many parts of the world, Natural Law has become very much influential. vii. International law derives its validity from natural law. International Law is based on the principles of Natural law jurisprudence. UN Charter recognizes natural rights, and principles. viii. The formation of the

Criminal Justice Budget Essay Example for Free

Criminal Justice Budget Essay Harris County, in Houston Texas, contains a pretty large population, and a large majority of that population classified as home owners. Harris county’s geographic size is considerably large, with a population estimate exceeding 3,935,855 peoples in 2007 (US Census Bureau, 2009). Furthermore, the percentage of Caucasians is around 73. 6%, with the Black population consisting of 18. 9%, Native Americans exceeding . 6%, Asian persons around 5. 5% and lastly the Hispanic population being around 38. 6% (US Census Bureau, 2009). The land area per 200 square miles is 1,728. Harris County’s current federal spending budget for the year of 2007 is around 21, 152, 659. When determining a budget for Harris County, one important aspect to consider is the county’s retail sales, which is around 39,358,036, displaying the current of industry and economic growth. The federal government spent over 19 billion dollars in 2003 on the war on drugs, at a rate of about 600 dollars per second (www. drugsense. org). The total amount of money spent on the war on drugs at the federal level is about 4,258,600,939, while at the state level 6,536,936,825, totaling over 10,800,600,300 dollars (www. drugsense. com). The failed war on drugs has not stopped drug usage, on the contrary, it has made criminal cartels rich by illegalizing drugs, thus giving them a product to sell, and increased not only the availability and potency of drugs, but, also their rate of usage across the country. For example, after the US has spent over 500 billion dollars to fight drugs, cocaine is now as cheap as it was when kingpin Escobar died and more heavily used, furthermore, methamphetamine, which was barley even a problem in the years following 1993, is now used by over 1. 5 million Americans and is proven to be more addictive than crack (Wells, 2007). The war on drugs has put over 500,000 people behind bars for drug crimes with no discernable effect on the drug trafficking industry, if anything; it has grown (Wells, 2007). When preparing a budget for Harris County, the most important thing that could be done is ending the failed war on drugs, which would save tax payers an estimated 12 billion dollars or more a year. Furthermore, instead of focusing a majority of the states federal budget on building more prisons begin building more universities, and residential communities. I find it interesting to note that the annual cost to tax payers in California to keep and maintain their prisons is around 10 billion per year, if this spending trend continues; California will be spending more on prisons than on universities (Abramsky, 2007). In ending the war on drugs, with the billions that would be saved, tax cuts, business incentives, and an overall increase in the standard of living for the community. Furthermore, instead of building prisons, states could build real, industry that produces’ real goods. References Wells, Ben (2007) How America Lost the War on Drugs Rolling Stone retrieved on March 16, 2009 from http://www. rollingstone. com/news/story/17438347/how_america_lost_the_war_on_drugs Abramsky, Sasha (2007) Prison Crisis: Will California Spend more on jails than Universities? Rights and Liberties retrieved on March 16, 2009 from http://www. alternet. org/rights/65868/? page=entire US Census Bureau (2009) State and County quick facts The US Census Bureau on March 16, 2009 from http://quickfacts. census. gov/qfd/states/48/48201. html Unknown Author (2009) Drug War Clock Drug Sense retrieved on March 16, 2009 from http://www. drugsense. org/wodclock. htm

Friendship Essay: The Consequences of Having Friends -- Friendship Essa

Having friends is a natural occurrence in most lives. The majority of people do not think of going anywhere without their friends, especially teenagers. Where these ordinary teens find their acquaintances is in high school. It is where friends are made and hold a substantial role in the students’ lives. High school students choose their friends for various reasons, and some of their choices may result in positive and negative effects. One effect of friends in high school is general influence. For example, peer pressure is an unfortunate, but predominant result of having companions. Several teens look for acceptance in the eyes of their peers. Consequently, they will go to great lengths in order to win their favor, allowing those they desire to befriend to control their actions. Another n...

Taxation Reviewer

Business Law and Taxation Review Class Name:_____________________________________ Course:_____________________ Date:_____________________ INSTRUCTION: Write the letter of your answer in the box provided. The letter must be written in CAPITAL LETTER. D1. Which of the following statement is not correct? a. Taxes may be imposed to raise revenues or to provide disincentives to certain activities within the state b. The state can have the power of taxation even if the Constitution does not expressly give it the power to tax c. For the exercise of the power of taxation, the state can tax anything at any time d.The provisions of taxation in the Philippine Constitution are grants of power and not limitations on taxing powers D2. One of the characteristics of internal revenue laws is that they are: a. Criminal in nature b. Penal in nature c. Political in nature d. Generally prospective application C3. One of the characteristics of our internal revenue laws is that they are: a. Political in na ture b. Penal in nature c. Generally prospective in operation although the tax statute may nevertheless operate retrospectively provided it is clearly the legislative intent d. Answer not given C4.In case of conflict between tax laws and generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP): a. Both tax laws and GAAP shall be enforced b. GAAP shall prevail over tax laws c. Tax laws shall prevail over GAAP d. The issue shall be resolved by the courts C5. The following are similarities of the inherent power of taxation, eminent domain and police power, except one a. Are necessary attributes of sovereignty b. Interfere with private rights and property c. Affects all persons or the public d. Are legislative in implementation A6. Tax as distinguished from license fee: a. Non payment does not necessarily render the business illegal b.A regulatory measure c. Imposed in the exercise of police power d. Limited to cover cost of regulation B7. Which statement refers to police power as distinguished from taxation? a. It can only be imposed on specific property or properties b. The amount imposed depends on whether the activity is useful or not c. It involves the taking of property by the government d. The amount imposed has no limit C8. The distinction of a tax from permit or license fee is that a tax is: a. Imposed for regulation b. One which involves an exercise of police power c. One in which there is generally no limit on the amount that may be imposed d.Answer not given C9. Which of the following is not an example of excise tax: a. Transfer tax b. Sales tax c. Real property tax d. Income tax D10. Value added tax is an example of: a. Graduated tax b. Progressive tax c. Regressive tax d. Proportional tax C11. S1: The power of taxation is inherent in sovereignty being essential to the existence of every government. Hence, even if not mentioned in the Constitution the state can still exercise the power. S2: It is essentially a legislative function. Even in the absence of any c onstitutional provision, taxation power falls to Congress as part of the general power of law-making a.False, False b. False, True c. True, True d. True, False C12. Which of the following is not a scheme of shifting the incidence of taxation? a. The manufacturer transfers the tax to the customer by adding the tax to the selling price of the goods sold b. The purchaser asks for a discount or refuse to buy at regular prices unless it is reduced by the amount equal to the tax he will pay c. Changing the terms of the sale like FOB Shipping Point in the Philippines to FOB Destination abroad, so that the title passes abroad instead of in the Philippines d.The manufacturer transfers the sales tax to the distributor, then in turn to the wholesaler, in turn to the retailer and finally to the consumer A13. The proportional contribution by persons and property levied by the law-making body of the State by virtue of its sovereignty for the support of the government and all public needs is refer red to as: a. Taxes b. Special assessment c. License fee d. Answer not given B14. One of the characteristics of a tax is that: a. It is generally based on contract b. It is generally payable in money c. It is generally assignable d. Answer not given B15.Tax of a fixed proportion of the value of the property with respect to which the tax is assessed and requires the intervention of assessors or appraisers to estimate the value of such property before the amount due from each tax taxpayer can be determined is known as: a. Specific b. Ad valorem c. Special or regulatory d. Answer not given C16. Which of the following statements is not correct? a. An inherent limitation of taxation may be disregarded by the application of a constitutional limitation b. The property of an educational institution operated by a religious order is exempt from property tax, but its income is ubject to income tax c. The prohibition of delegation by the state of the power of taxation will still allow the Burea u of Internal Revenue to modify the rules on time for filing of returns and payment of taxes d. The power of taxation is shared by the legislative and executive departments of government D17. Which of the following has no power of taxation? a. Provinces b. Cities c. Barangays d. Barrios D18. A tax must be imposed for a public purpose. Which of the following is not a public purpose? a. National defense b. Public education c. Improvement of the sugar industry d.None of the above B19. The basic community tax of Php 5. 00 of an individual is: a. A personal tax b. A direct tax c. A national tax d. An ad valorem tax B20. In 2005, a person was given by a special law the privilege to operate a public utility (franchise), in consideration of which, he was required by that law to pay a franchise tax. This franchise can be amended by: a. An amendment of that special law only b. An amendment of that special law or a law of general application c. An amendment of a revenue regulation d. None of t he above B21. Which statement is wrong? A revenue bill: a.Must originate from the House of Representatives and on which same bill the Senate may propose amendments b. May originate from the Senate and on which same bill the House of Representatives may propose amendments c. Must have a House version and a Senate version approved separately, and then consolidated, with both houses approving the consolidated version d. May be recommended by the President to Congress B22. The state has complete discretion on the amount to be imposed, after distinguishing between a useful and a non useful activity a. Tax b. License fee c. Toll d. Customs duty B23.A tax on business is: a. Direct tax b. Indirect tax c. Property tax d. None of the above C24. Which is the correct and best statement? A tax reform at any given time underscores the fact that: a. Taxation is an inherent power of the state b. Taxation is essentially a legislative power c. Taxation is a power that is very broad d. The state can a nd should adopt progressive taxation B25. Which of the statement gives the correct answer? That a feasibility study needs or need not look into the taxes of different political subdivisions of government which may be alternative sites of the business is because: a.Provinces, cities and municipalities must have uniform taxes between and among themselves b. The local taxes of one political subdivision need not be uniform with the local taxes of another political subdivision c. Businesses that are subject to national business taxes are exempt from local business taxes d. Local business taxes may be credited against national business taxes C26. Which statement is wrong? a. A tax is a demand of sovereignty b. A toll is a demand of ownership c. A special assessment is a tax d. Customs duty is a tax B27. A fundamental rule in taxation is that the property of one country may not be taxed by another country.This is known as: a. International law b. International comity c. Reciprocity d. Inte rnational inhibition A28. In this power of the state, the person who is parting with his money/property is presumed to receive a benefit: a. Taxation b. Police power c. Eminent domain d. None of the above D29. In all, except one, there can be a classification of the subject matter being required to shoulder the burden. Which is the exception? a. Tax b. License fee c. Toll d. Eminent domain C30. There can be no tax unless there is a law imposing the tax is consistent with the doctrine or principle of: a. Uniformity in taxation . Due process of law c. Non-delegation of the power to tax d. The power of taxation is very broad and the only limitation is the sense of responsibility of the members of the legislature to their constituents D31. Which of the following is not an element of direct double taxation? a. Two taxes b. Same subject matter c. Same year d. Same amount D32. S1: The value added tax is a property tax S2: The estate tax is a direct tax a. True, True b. False, False c. True , False d. False, True B33. S1: Because the power of taxation is inherent in state, the inherent limitations on the power of taxation always appliesS2: Inherent limitations on the power of taxation must give way to constitutional limitations a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False C34. Which statement is wrong? â€Å"The tax should be based on the tax payer’s ability to pay† a. As a basic principle of taxation, this is called â€Å"theoretical justice† b. As a theory of taxation, this is called â€Å"ability-to-pay-theory† c. No person shall be imprisoned for non-payment of a tax d. A graduated tax table is in consonance with this rule C35. S1: The power to tax can be delegated to units of local government, but with limitations as may be imposed by lawS2: The power to tax cannot be delegated to the executive department of the National Government a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False C36. Which statement is false? a. A tax is a demand of sovereignty while a toll is a demand of property ownership b. Non-payment of a tax does not make the activity taxed unlawful c. A grant of police power to a unit of local government carries with it a grant of the power to tax d. Customs duty is a tax D37. Some franchise holders who are paying the franchise tax are being required by an amendatory law to pay the value-added tax, while others remain subject to the franchise tax.Which of the following constructional provisions makes the law unconstitutional? a. No law shall be passed impairing the obligation of contracts b. The rule on taxation shall be uniform c. No person shall be deprived of property without due process of law d. None of the above C38. Under this basic principle of a sound tax system, the Government should not incur a deficit: a. Theoretical justice b. Administrative feasibility c. Fiscal adequacy d. None of the above B39. That the legislative body can impose a tax at any amount underscores th e legal truism that: a. Taxation is an inherent power of the state b.Taxation is a very broad power of the state c. Taxation is essentially a legislative power d. None of the above D40. The City of Manila, claiming that it can impose taxes under the Local Government Code, imposed a tax on banks (in addition to the percentage tax on banks imposed in the National Internal Revenue Code). The banks within the City of Manila objected for the various reasons given below. Which would justify the objection of the banks? a. The power of taxation cannot be delegated b. The rule on double taxation c. Uniformity of taxation d. None of the above B41. The amount required is dictated by the needs of the government in: a.License fee b. Tax c. Toll d. None of the above C42. This is a demand of owners: a. License fee b. Tax c. Toll d. None of the above C43. No person shall be imprisoned for non-payment of this: a. Property tax b. Excise tax c. Poll tax d. None of the above C44. As a basic principle o f taxation, that â€Å"taxes must be based on the taxpayer’s ability to pay† is called: a. Equality in taxation b. Ability-to-pay theory c. Theoretical justice d. Equity in taxation C45. Which of the following may not raise money for the government? a. Power of taxation b. Police power c. Eminent domain d. None of the above D46.Which is not an essential characteristic of tax? a. It is unlimited as to amount b. It is payable in money c. It is proportionate in character d. It is a regular payment C47. S1: Direct double taxation involves two taxes by the same taxing authority (e. g. National Government) S2: Indirect double taxation involves two taxes by two different taxing authorities (e. g. National Government and a unit of local government) a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False B48. S1: Direct double taxation is prohibited by the Philippine Constitution S2: Indirect double taxation is allowed by the Philippine Constitution a.True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False A49. S1: Tax evasion, which is the use of means to escape a tax that is already a liability, is prohibited by law, and is punishable S2: Tax avoidance, which is the use of means to prevent an accrual of a tax, or to minimize a tax that may accrue is likewise prohibited by law and is punishable a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False B50. Which statement is true? The prohibition in the Philippine Constitution on taxation of religious corporations is: a. A prohibition on imposition of excise taxes on the corporation b.A prohibition on imposition of property taxes on the corporation c. A prohibition on imposition of any and all local taxes on the corporation d. A prohibition on imposition of any and all national taxes on the corporation B51. S1: A tax amnesty that forgives tax delinquency of prior years is a legislative act of the Government S2: A tax compromise that lowers the delinquent tax due from a taxpayer is an executive act pursuant to a legislative grant of power to the Executive Department of the Government a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, FalseC52. S1: A revenue regulation must not be contrary to the provision of the law that is implements S2: A revenue regulation cannot expand the provision of the law that implements by imposing a penalty when the law that authorizes the revenue regulation does not impose a penalty a. True, False b. False, True c. True, True d. False, False D53. Which statement is false? a. A law that imposes a tax on sugar mills and centrals where the revenue collected will be used to improve the sugar industry is a tax for a public purpose, and the law is constitutional b.A law that imposes a tax on movie goers in a city, where the revenues will be used to improve flood control infrastructures in the low areas in the city is constitutional c. A law that gives tax privileges to manufacturers in defined industrial areas, which are not enjoyed by other manufact urers elsewhere is not discriminatory and is constitutional d. None of the above D54. If the taxpayer is a resident citizen of the Philippines, which of the following is not subject to income tax? a. Capital gain on sale of real property in the Philippines b.Interest on bank deposit in the Philippines c. Rent income from property outside the Philippines d. Capital gain on shares of stocks of a domestic corporation sold thru the Philippine Stock Exchange B55. On capital gain tax on real property, which of the following statements is not true? a. The tax should be paid, if in one lump sum, within 30 days from the date of sale b. The term â€Å"initial payment† is synonymous to â€Å"down payment† c. The installment payment of the tax should be made within 30 days from receipt of each installment payment on the selling price d.The tax may be paid in installment if the initial payments do not exceed 25% of the selling price A56. S1: Interest earned on Bangko Sentral treasu ry notes is subject to a final tax at 20% S2: Interest earned on customers trade notes is not subject to final tax a. True, True b. False, False c. True, False d. False, True D57. Which statement is wrong? a. A resident citizen and a resident alien has a final tax of seven and one-half percent (7. 5%) on interest on foreign currency deposit under the expanded foreign currency deposit system b.A non-resident citizen is exempt from income tax on interest on foreign currency deposit under the expanded foreign currency deposit system c. A non-resident alien engaged in business in the Philippines is subject to a final tax of twenty-five percent (25%) on gross income from within the Philippines from cinematographic films d. A non-resident alien engaged in business in the Philippines has a final tax of twenty percent (20%) on interest only if the interest is on bank deposits C58. A non-resident alien not engaged in business in the Philippines, but with income from the Philippines:S1: Is ta xed at twenty-five percent (25%) of gross income from within the Philippines S2: Is entitled to personal exemptions on the basis of reciprocity a. True, True b. False, False c. True, False d. False, True A59. The following, except one, may claim personal exemptions: a. Non-resident alien not engaged in trade or business in the Philippines b. Non-resident alien engaged in trade or business in the Philippines c. Resident alien d. Citizen D60. S1: If a taxpayer marries or has dependents during the year, or dies during the year, or his spouse dies during the year, he/his estate may claim personal exemption in full for such yearS2: If a dependent child dies within the year, or becomes twenty-one years old within the year, the taxpayer may still claim additional exemption a. True, False b. False, True c. False, False d. True, True A61. Who among the following is a non-resident alien? a. An alien who comes to the Philippines for a definite purpose which in its nature may be promptly accomp lished b. An alien who comes to the Philippines for a definite purpose which in its nature would require an extended stay c. An alien who has acquired residence in the Philippines d. An alien who lives in the Philippines with no definite intention as to his stay D62.All the following statements, except one, are correct. Which is wrong? a. April 15, August 15, November 15 of the current year, and April 15 of the succeeding year, are dates (last day) for filing the quarterly income tax returns of the individual who is self-employed b. April 15 is the last day for filing the annual income tax return of an individual who is self-employed c. April 15 is the last day for filing of the income tax return for individuals who have gross compensation income only, but whose income tax returns show income tax due or refundable d.The dates will be other than the dates mentioned in (a) to (c) if the individual has a fiscal year accounting period D63. One of the following statements is not correct. Which is it? a. For domestic corporations, the capital gain tax on sale of shares of stock are the same as the capital gain tax on such assets of resident citizens of the Philippines b. The final tax on interest on foreign currency deposit under the expanded foreign currency deposit system for domestic corporations is the same as that of resident citizens of the Philippines at seven and one-half percent (7. %) c. Dividends received by a domestic corporation from a domestic corporation subject to tax is exempt from the income tax of the corporation receiving the dividend d. Prizes exceeding Php 10,000. 00 received by a domestic corporation is subject to a final tax of twenty percent (20%) A64. S1: The minimum corporate income tax of a trading or manufacturing concern is based on net sales less cost of sales S2: The minimum corporate income tax of a service concern is based on net revenues or receipts less direct cost of services a. True, True . False, False c. True, False d. False, True D65. All the following are true, except one. Which is the exception: a. A domestic corporation is subject to the minimum corporate income tax on MCIT gross income from within and outside the Philippines b. A resident corporation is subject to the minimum corporate income tax on MCIT gross income from within the Philippines c. A non-resident corporation is not subject to the minimum corporate income tax d. The optional gross income tax (GIT) applies to domestic and resident corporations

Emily: A Case Study in Adolescent Development Essay

Abstract This case study details the developmental milestones of an adolescent girl named Emily. Emily is 12 years old and lives with her mother who is a single parent. According to many theorists and researches, because she is being raised by a single mother, Emily is an at-risk adolescent who may have trouble properly hitting developmental milestones along with her peers. After observing Emily in her natural environment, then spending time interacting with Emily and interviewing her mother Elizabeth, I found that Emily is a typically developing adolescent. Emily has developed before or along with her peers physically, cognitively, and psychosocially. Emily appears to be developing a healthy sense of independence and self concept. Finally, Emily is healthy and appears to be progressing through puberty at a normal rate. Emily: A Case Study In Adolescent Development Emily is a 12-year-old girl. Since birth she has lived with her mother Elizabeth in a small South Carolina town – population 60,000. She was an only child until three years ago when her brother Wade was born. Emily’s mother Elizabeth is a single mother. Emily has never met her own father but had grown close to Wade’s father, her step dad, when he died nine months ago from Hodgkin’s Lymphoma. Emily’s mother According to Milstead and Perkins (2010), a child’s family is central to their successful development. Their research suggests that children who are raised in non-traditional families are at a disadvantage is all areas of development as well as socioeconomically. This case study will examine typical physical, cognitive, and psychosocial milestone of adolescent children and if 12-year-old Emily has been negatively affected in these areas as a result of her living in a single parent home. LITERATURE REVIEW At 12 years old Emily is entering adolescence. It is during adolescence that puberty begins. The time of adolescence is a time of rapid changes and physical growth in children. Rapid growth occurs in the bones and muscles, changes in body shape and size occur, and sexual maturation begins, essentially ending childhood. Beginning with hormonal changes, including an increase in estrogen and progesterone, girls typically begin experiencing pubescent changes at the approximate age of eight. Soon after, the uterus and vagina begin to grow larger and girls begin to develop breast buds. Around the age of eleven, girls begin to develop pubic hair. Girls can expect their weight and height to increase during this time as well. As girls a girl’s body begins to prepare for menarche, their hips will become wider. The first menstrual period typically occurs around the age of twelve; however, this can happen earlier for some girls and much later for others. Puberty continues through the age of 18 as girls breasts fully develop and their first ovulation occurs (Berger, 2011). In addition to sexual development during puberty, adolescents develop physically as well. A growth spurt occurs during adolescence where nearly every body part grows, most notably at different and uneven rates. According to Berger (2011), the fingers and toes of an adolescent grow longer before the hands and feet. The hands and feet grow longer before the arms and legs, and the arms and legs grow longer before the torso. It is not uncommon for an adolescent’s body to appear unsymmetrical. â€Å"One foot, one breast, or even one ear may grow later than the other,† (Berger, 2011, p. 393). The hormones responsible for puberty and growth spurts in adolescent girls are also responsible for emotional changes. It is not uncommon for girls experiencing these hormone changes to have sudden outbursts of anger, sadness, or even lust. Neurological changes occur as the â€Å"limbic system, responsible for intense fear and excitement from the amygdale, matures before the prefrontal cortex, where planning ahead, emotional regulation, and impulse control occur,† (Berger, 2011, p 400). These neurological changes often lead adolescents to throw caution to the wind, especially in social situations. Adolescents are more likely to act impulsively. Their impulsive behaviors coupled with their increase in hormones and interest in  sexual activities puts adolescents at risk for sexual abuse and early pregnancy (Berger, 2011). During adolescence, physical and hormonal changes aren’t the only changes occurring. Brain maturation also occurs and cognitive growth increases. Adolescent children will experience increased independence, a heightened sense of self-consciousness, the ability to think more abstractly. According to Swiss developmental psychologist and philosopher, Jean Piaget, adolescents develop the ability to use abstract logic, in contrast to children in early and middle childhood who primarily only have the ability to think in concrete terms (Goncu, & Abel, 2011). In addition, during adolescence, identity struggles often begin. Developmental psychologist and psychoanalyst, Erik Erickson, described this stage of development as identity versus role confusion. According to Erickson, an adolescent’s mission during this state is to unearth who they are as individuals, apart from their families and as members of society at large. Futile navigation of this stage, according to Erickson, results in role confusion and upheaval. Adolescents develop a sense of personal identity through many avenues including religion, politics, natural abilities, and gender. Merging childhood events, social ideals, and their distinctive ambitions, identity is developed. However, according to Erickson, adolescents seldom reach identity and role confusion is more probable (Boddington, 2009). OBSERVATION AND INTERACTION Emily is attending a birthday party for one of her peers at school. The party is being held at a local church, in the church’s social hall. According to Emily’s mother this is not the first birthday party that Emily had attended where both boys and girls are present; however, it is the first co-ed party that she has attended since she began showing an interest in boys. Most of the girls are wearing dresses and shoes with modest heels; their hair perfectly tended to with hints of gloss on their lips and blush on their cheeks. Emily wears blue jeans, a blue and white stripped long sleeved shirt and boat shoes. Her normal blond curls have been flattened with a straightening iron, according to her mother. Emily likes her hair better  straight and she hates dresses. Emily is tall, standing at 5 feet 6 inches tall. She weighs 150 pounds. Her body is well proportioned and she does not appear to be overweight. Emily has developed breasts and she has the appearance of some acne on her chin and forehead. The overhead fluorescent lights are dimmed in the social hall but the area is lit well with blue, red, and green lights which flash in sync with the music playing over a pair of large speakers. A DJ encourages the 28 eleven and twelve year olds to join the only two boys on the dance floor. The room is divided. Girls stand near a row of metal folding chairs lining a wall. The boys gather near a stage on the far end of the room. Emily’s mother Elizabeth is also attending the party as a chaperone. Elizabeth motions for Emily to come to her three times during a thirty minute period in an effort to encourage Emily to join the others on the dance floor. Each time Emily ignores her mother’s encouragements. The third time Emily’s eyes grow wide and from across the room she mouths the word â€Å"stop† to Elizabeth. Nearly an hour into the party, the girls scream with delight when a popular song begins to play and several rush to the dance floor. Emily rushes to the dance floor with a number of other girls and they begin to dance to the music. Song after song, Emily and her group of friends stay on the dance floor. They stop occasionally to chat with one another but never leave the dance floor. Emily dances and laughs with her female friends for nearly an hour before the group is called to have birthday cake and watch as the birthday girl opens presents. While the children are eating Emily socializes with both her female and male friends. She is particularly friendly with a male named Dawson. The two stand beside one another and talk while their friend opens her birthday presents. She playfully hits him on the arm six times during their exchange. She blushes as he playfully hit her back. Soon the group of adolescents is back on the dance floor for another half hour of dancing before the party is over. This time both the boys and girls are on  the dance floor together. Emily dances alongside both her female and male friends for the remainder of the party. As the party comes to close, Emily hugs each one of her female friends’ goodbye as they leave. When Elizabeth summons Emily to leave the party, Emily shouts out to Dawson, telling him goodbye. On Sunday afternoon, Elizabeth welcomes me to spend time with Emily in the family’s home. Emily’s family lives in a modest three bedroom, two bath house in a popular neighborhood on the North side of town. Their large fenced in back yard is filled with bright colored, plastic play-things belonging to Emily’s younger brother Wade. Emily’s purple Next bicycle leans against a wall in the home’s garage. The bicycle is much too small for her growing stature and Emily readily admits that she hasn’t ridden the bike in at least a year. Nothing else in the yard or garage suggests that a young girl live there but inside the home tells a different story. On the kitchen counter lays a knotted green ribbon with long blonde hairs tangled within the knot. Emily explains that she wore the ribbon on St. Patrick’s Day this year because she had no other green in her wardrobe. Lying on the family couch is a blue and purple fleece blanket and a fuzzy heart -shaped fuchsia pillow donning the words â€Å"Drama Queen.† It’s Emily’s favorite pillow. The floor in the living area is scattered with green toy tractors and an incomplete train set. Leaving the living area and entering the long narrow hallway, Emily’s bedroom is the first room on the left. Her doorway stands open but a handmade foam door hanger hangs from the door knob reading â€Å"Do Not Enter.† Emily’s room is pink and while with accents of black and grey. Her hot pink sheets peek out from under the wrinkled black and white polka dot comforter on her bed. Her bedroom walls are adorned with pictures of her favorite singers, Cody Simpson and Selena Gomez. A large bean bag chair takes up much of the floor space in her bedroom. A large bookcase runs nearly the length of one wall while a keyboard and microphone stand sit against the opposite wall. Emily loves to sing and often spends a great deal of her time singing along with her favorite musicians on her karaoke machine. A framed piece of child-drawn art hangs to the right of her bed. Emily says she completed the work in third grade. It depicts a boy who is seemingly stuck inside of a glass bottom room. Emily explains the technique  she used is called foreshadowing. When asked if it has an underlying leans, Emily whips her hair and nonchalantly replies that it does not. Emily is welcoming and excited to show off her space and her things, including her three dance trophies and her second place youth photography ribbon she won at last year’s South Carolina Festival of Flowers. Emily is creative and has an artistic side through her love of music, photography, drawing and painting, and dance. I inquire more about Emily’s art work and she pulls from her closet several pieces of art work sandwiched between two pieces of cardboard. She carefully pulls out several pieces of art and tells me how old she was when she completed it. Before we can finish, Emily’s phone alerts her that she has a text message. For the next 15 minutes Emily sends and receives text messages from her cell phone. She tells me that she is discussing an upcoming school trip to Philadelphia with her friend Jenny. They are discussing room arrangements. After texting with Jenny, Emily shows me information she has printed from the internet pertaining to her trip to Philadelphia. Emily says she is excited about the trip as she has never been away from home for more than two or three days at a time. She will be in Philadelphia for six days. Emily says she cannot wait to go and excitedly explains how she will be staying in a hotel room with three of her female friends, without an adult. Emily explains that the girls will stay on the third floor of the hotel while the boys will stay on the second floor. Emily receives another text message just as I am leaving. She says goodbye without looking up from her cell phone. INTERVIEW Elizabeth is a thirty-two year old mother of two. She gave birth to Emily at the age of nineteen. Emily was born December 10, 1999 by cesarean section after a full term pregnancy. Emily’s mother Elizabeth reports no prenatal problems and no complications during labor. At birth Emily weighed seven pounds and eleven ounces. She was twenty one inches long. According to the Centers for Disease Control (2000) Emily’s weight put her in the thirty sixth percentile for newborns and her height put her in the ninety third percentile for newborns. As an infant, Emily was breast fed for seven months, according to Elizabeth. Elizabeth explains that as an infant, a  toddler, and a young child, Emily hit all of her developmental milestones early, including puberty which began for Emily around age nine. Emily’s father is not active in Elizabeth and Emily’s lives. Emily has never met her father. Elizabeth explains that Emily’s father attended college with her. They were casually dating when Elizabeth became pregnant. Emily’s father did not want anything to do with Elizabeth after she told him she was pregnant. After finding out that she was pregnant, Elizabeth quit school until she gave birth to Emily then quickly returned to finish her degree. Elizabeth obtained a four year degree in marketing from a local college when Emily was three. She now works for a major hotel chain as their director of communications. Elizabeth earns $43,000 annually. She has no other income. Elizabeth grew up in the Catholic Church but left the church as a teen. Today she is a member of a local Presbyterian church. Elizabeth considers herself an authoritative parent. She says that while she has great deal of expectations for her children, she also has a close and warm relationship with each of them. She says her relationship with Emily has become closer since Emily has begun middle school. Elizabeth believes that it is most important that her children trust her. She explains that she wants her children to feel as if they can talk to her about anything. Elizabeth expects Emily to perform well in school and says Emily has not ever been in trouble at school because Elizabeth does not tolerate disobedience, especially in school. Elizabeth believes she holds the three traits that she says make a great parent: she commands respect; she works constantly to ensure good communication with her children so that they trust her, and she has clear expectations of her children. Elizabeth says that if she were to give new parents three pieces of advice she would impress upon them how quickly time passes. â€Å"Enjoy every minute, and don’t take one second for granted,† she says. Elizabeth says she would also tell new parents to make sure they make time for themselves. Finally, Elizabeth says she would tell them to be honest with their children. â€Å"Share your life experiences with them. Tell them the things you did right and the things you did wrong. Tell them about the lessons you’ve learned. Children learn to respect you and trust you in that sense.† FINDINGS Emily is nine months shy of her thirteenth birthday. Emily is five feet, six inches tall. She weighs one hundred and fifty pounds. According to the Centers for Disease Control (2000), Emily’s height is greater than the ninety seventh percentile for height. Emily is at the ninety seventh percentile for weight. Although Emily is taller and heavier than more than ninety five percent of her peers, according to her mother, Emily has hit developmental milestones earlier than her peers since she was an infant. Furthermore, Emily is currently experiencing puberty, an expected occurrence at her age. She has developed breasts and she has had her first menstrual period. Emily is not sexually active, according to her mother and therefore she is currently not at risk for early pregnancy. Cognitively, Emily is progressing as a typical 12 year old girl. She displays eagerness to establish a sense of independence from her mother with her upcoming school trip to Philadelphia. She looks forward to being away from her mother, and proving to both her mother and herself that she is maturing in the ability to make her own choices. Emily’s cognitive development is also apparent in the choices she made when dressing and styling her hair for the birthday party she attended. Emily’s mother explained that Emily used a straightening iron on her hair because she was not fond of her naturally curly hair. This demonstrates that Emily has developed a sense of self-consciousness. Lastly, Emily’s psychosocial development is apparent in that Emily is working to develop her own identity. Although Emily’s friends wore dresses to the birthday party, Emily opted for blue jeans and boat shoes. Emily chose to wear what she was comfortable wearing instead of what social norms would have her wear. In addition, Emily knows what she loves. She immerses herself in her art, her music, and her photography. While her friends are participating in sports and trying out for cheerleading, Emily is comfortable in her own vocation and does not seem eager to change. SUMMARY Emily is a typically developing 12 year old girl. It does not appear that her physical, cognitive, and psychosocial development has been negatively affected by her growing up in a single parent home. While Emily’s development is far from over, for now she appears to be progressing well, and developing into a healthy, secure and socially responsible young woman. REFERENCES Berger, K. (2011). The Developing Person Through the Life Span, eighth ed. New York, NY: Worth Publishers. Boddington, E. N. (2009). _Cognitive Process of Development in Children_. Online Submission. Goncu, A., & Abel, B. (2011). The child’s conception of the world: A 20th-century classic of child psychology, Second Edition. Edited by Jean Piaget, Forward by Jacques Voneche. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, Inc, Lanham, MD, 2007. pp. 432. Price:  £19.99, â‚ ¬31.48†¦ Infant & Child Development, 20(2), 246-248. doi:10.1002/icd.719 Milstead, K., & Perkins, G. (2010). Family Structure Characteristics and Academic Success: Supporting the Work of School Counselors. Academic Leadership (15337812), 8(4), 19. National Center for Desease Control and Prevention (May 30, 2000). CDC growth charts. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/growthcharts/data/set1clinical/cj41c022.pdf.